![]() ![]() The conference was attended by 36 individuals: eighteen official delegates from national governments, six delegates from non-governmental organizations, seven non-official foreign delegates, and the five members of the International Committee. Eight days later, the five men decided to rename the committee to the "International Committee for Relief to the Wounded".įrom 26 to 29 October 1863, the international conference organized by the committee was held in Geneva to develop possible measures to improve medical services on the battlefield. The members of this committee, which has subsequently been referred to as the "Committee of the Five", aside from Dunant and Moynier were physician Louis Appia, who had significant experience working as a field surgeon Appia's friend and colleague Théodore Maunoir, from the Geneva Hygiene and Health Commission and Guillaume-Henri Dufour, a Swiss army general of great renown. As a result of this initial discussion, the society established an investigatory commission to examine the feasibility of Dunant's suggestions and eventually to organize an international conference about their possible implementation. In 1863, Gustave Moynier, a Geneva lawyer and president of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare, received a copy of Dunant's book and introduced it for discussion at a meeting of that society. He called for the development of an international treaty to guarantee the protection of medics and field hospitals for soldiers wounded on the battlefield. His book included vivid descriptions of his experiences in Solferino in 1859, and he explicitly advocated the formation of national voluntary relief organizations to help nurse wounded soldiers in the case of war, inspired by Christian teaching regarding social responsibility and his experience after the battlefield of Solferino. He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe, and people he thought could help him make a change. Original document of the First Geneva Convention, 1864īack at his home in Geneva, he decided to write a book entitled A Memory of Solferino, which he published using his own money in 1862. He took point in organizing an overwhelming level of relief assistance with the local villagers to aid without discrimination. He completely abandoned the original intent of his trip and for several days he devoted himself to helping with the treatment and care for the wounded. Dunant was shocked by the terrible aftermath of the battle, the suffering of the wounded soldiers, and the near-total lack of medical attendance and basic care. In a single day, about 40,000 soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field. He arrived in the small town of Solferino on the evening of 24 June after the Battle of Solferino, an engagement in the Austro-Sardinian War. A devout Calvinist, the Swiss businessman Jean-Henri Dunant, traveled to Italy to meet then-French emperor Napoleon III in June 1859 with the intention of discussing difficulties in conducting business in Algeria, which at that time was occupied by France. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, there were no organized or well-established army nursing systems for casualties, nor safe or protected institutions, to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield. History Foundation The Red Cross, after the Battle of Gravelotte in 1870 Henry Dunant, author of A Memory of Solferino Within it there are three distinct organisations that are legally independent from each other, but are united within the movement through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes and governing organisations. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering. The organized International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 16 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide.
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